How to Achieve Breakthroughs in Immunology and Cancer Therapy Research Using PD-1 Antibodies?

I. What Are the Molecular Characteristics and Immunoregulatory Functions of PD-1?

 PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1) is a cell surface receptor with a molecular weight of approximately 50-55 kDa, encoded by the Pdcd1 gene belonging to the CD28 family. As a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, PD-1 expression is dynamic and inducible: it is transiently expressed on CD4+ and CD8+ thymocytes, activated T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and myeloid cells, and its expression level decreases after successful antigen clearance. Furthermore, Pdcd1 mRNA expression can be detected as early as the pre-B cell stage of B lymphocyte development.

From a structural biology perspective, the PD-1 intracellular region contains a canonical immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). This structural feature suggests that PD-1 primarily exerts a negative regulatory role in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. PD-1 initiates signal transduction by binding to its two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2 (both members of the B7 family). Upon ligand binding, the inhibitory signal mediated by PD-1 significantly suppresses T cell activation, manifesting as reduced T cell proliferation, decreased production of effector cytokines, and even induction of T cell apoptosis or functional exhaustion.

Under physiological conditions, the PD-1 pathway is crucial for maintaining peripheral immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune responses. Gene knockout studies provide direct evidence: PD-1-deficient mice spontaneously develop severe autoimmune diseases, characterized by dilated cardiomyopathy, splenomegaly, and disruption of peripheral tolerance mechanisms.

In the field of tumor immunology, aberrant activation of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis is a core mechanism of tumor immune escape. Many human tumors (such as squamous cell carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer) commonly exhibit induced overexpression of PD-L1. This overexpression significantly enhances the resistance of tumor cells to CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Preclinical studies have shown that in mouse melanoma models, using specific antibodies to block the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 can effectively restore the anti-tumor function of T cells and achieve temporary suppression of tumor growth. Based on this mechanism, PD-1-targeted immune checkpoint blockade therapy has become one of the most promising strategies in current cancer treatment.

II. Which Manufacturers Provide PD-1-Related Antibodies?

In basic and translational medical research related to PD-1, high-quality, highly specific functional antibodies are key tools for driving scientific discovery and technological innovation. Hangzhou Starter Bio-tech Co., Ltd., a high-tech enterprise focused on the R&D and production of life science reagents, leveraging its mature recombinant antibody technology platform, has introduced the Invivo anti-mouse PD-1 Recombinant mAb (RMP1-14) (Product Code: S0B0101), specifically designed for in vivo research. This product is a rigorously validated, animal-grade functional antibody with the following core characteristics and technical advantages:

·       Excellent In Vivo Activity and High Specificity: This product is expressed using recombinant technology. Validated by both in vitro cell blockade assays and in vivo mouse tumor models, it efficiently and specifically blocks the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, thereby effectively reversing T cell functional suppression and reactivating anti-tumor immune responses.

·       Superior Product Purity and Extremely Low Endotoxin Levels: Through an animal-component-free production system and a special endotoxin removal purification process, the purity of this antibody is >99% as analyzed by SEC-HPLC. Its endotoxin content is strictly controlled to <1.0 EU/mg (typically <0.1 EU/mg in practice), far exceeding the general standards for in vivo experiments. This minimizes non-specific immune activation caused by endotoxins, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of animal experimental data.

·       Broad Application Scenarios: This antibody is an ideal tool for various complex in vivo studies, primarily applied in:

o   Cancer Immunotherapy Mechanism Research: Evaluating the anti-tumor efficacy of monotherapy or combination regimens and their impact on immune memory formation in mouse syngeneic tumor models, cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) models, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models.

o   Autoimmune Disease and Chronic Inflammation Research: Investigating the pathophysiological role of the PD-1 signaling pathway and the potential therapeutic value of antibody intervention in autoimmune disease models or chronic infection models.

o   Deep Analysis of Immune Regulation Mechanisms: Unraveling the fine-tuned regulatory mechanisms of PD-1 signaling on T cell functional differentiation, exhaustion state, and immune tolerance in vivo.

o   Combination Therapy Strategy Development: Combining with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy drugs, or other immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., anti-CTLA-4 antibody) to develop novel synergistic treatment strategies.

III. Product Details

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