An Overview of Markers for Neuronal Cells

Research on neural cells helps unveil brain mechanisms, underpinning the diagnosis, treatment, and drug development for neurological disorders. This propels advances in neuroscience and related fields.Neural cells are mainly grouped into two key categories:neurons and neuroglial cells.

Neurons: The most basic structural and functional units of the nervous system, neurons are electrically excitable cells in the central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous systems. They transmit and receive electrical impulses and neurochemical signals to process information. Common markers include:

Schematic diagram of a neuron

NeuN: A neuronal nuclear protein (also called Fox-3 or RBFOX3) expressed only in post-mitotic neurons, primarily used to label neuronal nuclei.

Mouse brain tissue (WB)  Rat brain tissue (IHC) Mouse cerebral cortex (IHC)

β3-tubulin (TUBB3): A commonly used intracellular protein marker specific to neurons in research.

MAP2: Microtubule-associated protein 2, mainly found in the cell body and dendrites of neurons.

Neurofilament: Includes 160kDa neurofilament medium subunit, 200kDa neurofilament heavy subunit, etc.

Synaptophysin: A marker of synaptic vesicles.

Neuroglial cells: These cells, the other major type in neural tissue besides neurons, are widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In mammals, the ratio of neuroglial cells to neurons is about 10:1. There are four types of neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord, mainly including:

Astrocytes: The most common type of glial cells in the central nervous system.

abs115050  Rabbit anti-GFAP Polyclonal Antibody

Mouse brain tissue (WB) U-251MG cells (IF) Rat brain (IHC)

Markers include glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glutamine synthetase, S100β, ALDH1L1, etc.

Oligodendrocytes: These are special types of glial cells mainly responsible for forming myelin sheaths.

abs159592  Rabbit anti-MOG Monoclonal Antibody(4K8)

Rat brain tissue (WB) SHSY5Y(IF)

Markers include myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), myelin basic protein (MBP), Olig2, Olig3, SOX10, etc.

Microglia: Derived from the yolk sac, these are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system.

abs173681 Rabbit anti-TMEM119 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody(S-838-46)

SH-SY5Y(WB) SH-SY5Y (ICC)  SH-SY5Y(FCM)

Markers include TMEM119, CD11b, CD45, Iba1, CX3CR1, F4/80, CD68, CD40, etc.

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