1.1 Sample Types

In the early stage of sample preparation, certain samples require treatment with specific agonists/inhibitors before collection.
The treatment methods vary depending on the type of sample; the following is a categorized summary of treatment methods for different sample types.
Sample Types & Precautions
1. Main Sample Types are as Follows
① Conventional Mammalian Adherent Cells ② Mammalian Suspension Cells ③ Mammalian Soft Tissues ④ Animal Blood Samples ⑤ Bone Tissues ⑥ Bacteria ⑦ Fungi ⑧ Insect Cells ⑨ Plant Tissues ⑩ Membrane Proteins ⑪ Organelles/Suborganelles ⑫ Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Protein Fractions ⑬ Mitochondrial/Cytoplasmic Fractions ⑭ Endoplasmic Reticulum Fractions ⑮ Exosome Fractions ⑯ FFPE Samples

2. Key Precautions are as Follows
Use fresh samples as much as possible, or store samples in aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Before Sample Preparation:
Understand the expression status of the target in the sample: Search for relevant references.
Sample Pretreatment:
Most modified proteins can only be detected after induction.
Set up positive and negative controls for pretreatment.
Sample Lysis:
Select lysis buffers with different lysis strengths based on whether the target protein is derived from the cytoplasm, nucleus, or cell membrane.
Add protease and phosphatase inhibitors promptly during sample lysis to prevent degradation of the target protein.
For samples derived from the nucleus or tissues, appropriate sonication is required to ensure sufficient release of the target.