CCL4 Recombinant Rabbit mAb (S-2174-23)

CCL4, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), is an 8 kDa chemokine that belongs to the CC subfamily and is primarily secreted by activated T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells to orchestrate immune responses by binding to the G-protein-coupled receptors CCR5 and CCR8, thereby directing chemotaxis of monocytes, NK cells, and various T-cell subsets to sites of infection or inflammation, while also contributing to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, HIV infection—where it competes with the virus for CCR5 binding—and certain cancers, and is further characterized by a compact tertiary structure stabilized by two disulfide bridges between conserved cysteine residues, a gene located on human chromosome 17q12, and tight regulation at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels by cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1β.