Evolved Antibody-drug Conjugates Evaluation Assays

Evolved Antibody-drug Conjugates Evaluation Assays

Overview of ADCs

Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs), known as "biological missiles", combine tumor-targeting specificity of monoclonal antibodies with potent cytotoxic payloads. ADC drug development encounters severe technical challenges across target identification, linker engineering, conjugation chemistry and preclinical pharmacodynamic characterization.

ANTBIO delivers a full-spectrum ADC research toolkit including raw materials, conjugation reagents and comprehensive detection kits to accelerate your ADC pipeline development.

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of ADC structure


Tumor Target Proteins & IHC Pathology Antibodies

Target selection and in situ detection dictates ADC tumor tropism, therapeutic efficacy and safety profile. 

All ANTBIO target proteins are fully validated via SEC-HPLC, ELISA and SPR, featuring ultra-high purity and robust bioactivity. Multiple species, protein tags and fluorescent labeling options are available for flexible experimental design.

ANTBIO has launched hundreds of IHC pathology antibodies covering 11+ major pathology branches, including gastrointestinal, endocrine, hematologic, breast and gynecologic pathology. Popular validated targets include Claudin 18.2, ROR1, FGF-19, c-Met, PD-L1, Ki-67, Pan-CK, mismatch repair proteins (MSH2/MSH6/PMS2), H. pylori and human folate receptor alpha.

Table 1: Drug Targets
Axl CEACAM-5 HGFR ROR2
B7-H3 DLL3 IL-2R alpha Siglec-2
BCMA EGFR IL-3 Rα Siglec-3
CA125 ENPP3 LRRC15 Syndecan-1
CD19 EpCAM MSLN Tissue Factor
CD27 Ligand FLT-3L NCAM-1 TNFRSF10B
CD30 FOLR1 Nectin-4 TNF-α
CD48 GUCY2C PSMA TROP2
CD74 Her2 PTK7
CD79B Her3 ROR1
Table 2: IHC Pathology Antibodies
Catalog No. Target
S0B2169 B7H3
S0B2235 B7H4
S0B2234 B7H4
S0B2001 Bcl-2
S0B2181 LAG-3
S0B2213 CD19
S0B2164 CD73
S0B2139 CD73
S0B2084 C-Kit
S0B2070 Claudin18.2
S0B2069 c-Met
S0B2052 c-Met
S0B2115 DLL3
S0B2145 EGFR
S0B2047 EZH2
S0B2328 FGF-19
S0B2231 FGFR2b
S0B2230 FGFR2b
S0B2232 FGFR2b
S0B2111 GPC3
S0B2170 LAG-3
S0B0020 LIV-1/SLC39A6
S0B0023 LIV-1/SLC39A6
S0B2150 MSH2
S0B2110 MSH6
S0B2225 MSLN
S0B2222 MUC2
S0B2281 MUC6
S0B2190 Nectin-4
S0B2277 Nectin-4
S0B0329 Pan Trk
S0B2135 PARP
S0B2187 PD-1
S0B2067 PD-L1
S0B2134 PD-L1
S0B2237 PMS2
S0B2107 PSMA
S0B2320 ROR1
S0B2319 SOX-10
S0B2090 SOX2
S0B2182 SOX9
S0B0305 stat5
S0B0085 stat6
S0B0332 Trop2
S0B0324 Trop2
S0B0226 VEGF R

Antibody Internalization Efficiency Assay

1. DT3C Recombinant Fusion Protein

DT3C is a fusion protein of diphtheria toxin fragment A and Streptococcus Protein G C1–C3 domains with high Fc affinity. DT3C co-internalizes with bound IgG into target cells, enabling quantitative internalization measurement for antibodies across all species and IgG subtypes.

Table 3: DT3C
Catalog No. Product Name
UA070063

DT3C (Diphtheria toxin& spg 3C domain) Protein 

Corynephage beta

  • Broad Compatibility: Binds all IgG subclasses from multiple mammalian species
  • Fast Assay Kinetics: Stable mAb-DT3C complexes form within 30 min at room temperature; toxin release post-internalization enables rapid uptake readout
  • Higher Uptake Efficiency: Smaller molecular size vs mAb-ZAP delivers superior cellular internalization signals
  • Convenient Detection: Quantify internalization via standard cell viability readouts (MTT, WST-1, CellTiter-Glo)

 

Figure 2. RP-HPLC purity profile of DT3C (Wavelength = 280 nm, purity >90%)

Figure 3. SDS-PAGE gel analysis of purified DT3C

Figure 4. DT3C internalization assay luminescence curve with calculated IC50 values

2. pH-Sensitive IgG Fluorescent Labeling Reagents

These probes form fluorescent complexes with pan-species IgG. Upon antibody endocytosis, acidic endosomal microenvironment drastically amplifies fluorescence signal to quantify antibody uptake kinetics for targeted therapy and diagnostic antibody development.

Table 4: pH-Sensitive IgG Labeling Reagents
Catalog No. Product Name
UA070122 pH-sensitive IgG labeling reagents Max(Green)
UA079026 pH-sensitive IgG labeling reagents (Deep Red)
UA070127 pH-sensitive IgG labeling reagents (Red)
UA070080 pH-sensitive IgG labeling reagents plus(Green)

Figure 5. Principle of pH-sensitive IgG labeling internalization assay

Figure 6. Workflow of pH-sensitive IgG labeling internalization assay

Figure 7. The fluorescent intensity from antibody-probe protein complex internalization into cell is specific for B7-H3 on Hela cell.

Figure 8. Internalization performance comparison between UA070122 and UA070080 on HeLa cells

Figure 9. Long-term stability and incubation time gradient test of pH-sensitive labeling reagents


Linker Cleavage Evaluation

Cathepsin B is a carboxypeptidase that specifically cleaves C-terminal peptide sequences (Val-Cit, Val-Ala, GGFG) widely adopted in clinical ADC linkers. Recombinant human Cathepsin B enables quantitative assessment of intracellular linker cleavage efficiency to validate payload release performance.

Table 5: Cathepsin B
Catalog No. Product Name
S0A6038

Human Cathepsin B,His tag

  • Mammalian Expression System: Produced in HEK293 cells to recapitulate native protein folding and conformation
  • High Product Purity: SDS-PAGE validated purity exceeding 95%

Positive Reference Standards

Positive control reagents are essential for all preclinical pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characterization.

ANTBIO supplies over 50 validated reference ADCs and therapeutic biosimilar antibodies for assay calibration and functional validation.

1. Ready-to-Use Reference ADCs

Commercially approved and clinical-stage ADC mimics covering BCMA, HER2, TROP2, Nectin-4, CD30, GPC3, FRA, Mesothelin and other mainstream ADC targets, with matched payloads including MMAE, MMAF, DM1, DXD, SN38.

Table 6: Positive Reference ADCs
Catalog No. Product Name
S0E0013 Belantamab mafodotin
S0E0012 Disitamab vedotin
S0E0009 Sacituzumab govitecan
S0E0010 Trastuzumab deruxtecan
S0E0011 Trastuzumab emtansine
abs172260 Anti-AMHR2 Reference Antibody(Murlentamab-mmae)
abs172256 Anti-AXL Reference Antibody(Enapotamab Vedotin)
abs172257 Anti-AXL Reference Antibody(Tilvestamab-mmae)
abs172224 Anti-CanAg Reference Antibody(Cantuzumab Mertansine)
abs172229 Anti-CanAg Reference Antibody(Cantuzumab Ravtansine)
abs172259 Anti-CD105 Reference Antibody(Carotuximab-mmae)
abs172215 Anti-CD142 Reference Antibody(Tisotumab Vedotin)
abs172231 Anti-CD166 Reference Antibody(Praluzatamab Ravtansine)
abs172258 Anti-CD166 Reference Antibody(Praluzatamab-mmae)
abs172208 Anti-CD19 Reference Antibody(Denintuzumab-mmaf)
abs172219 Anti-CD19 Reference Antibody(Loncastuximab Tesirine)
abs172243 Anti-CD22 Reference Antibody(Pinatuzumab Vedotin)
abs172220 Anti-CD269 Reference Antibody(Belantamab Mafodotin)
abs172210 Anti-CD30 Reference Antibody(Brentuximab Vedotin)
abs172261 Anti-CD33 Reference Antibody(Vadastuximab Talirine)
abs172213 Anti-CD340 Reference Antibody(Disitamab Vedotin)
abs172232 Anti-CD340 Reference Antibody(Trastuzumab Deruxtecan)
abs172223 Anti-CD340 Reference Antibody(Trastuzumab Emtansine)
abs172216 Anti-CD340 Reference Antibody(Trastuzumab-mmae)
abs172212 Anti-CD66e Reference Antibody(Labetuzumab Govitecan)
abs172228 Anti-CD66e Reference Antibody(Tusamitamab Ravtansine)
abs172236 Anti-CD66e Reference Antibody(Tusamitamab-mmae)
abs172222 Anti-CD70 Reference Antibody(Vorsetuzumab Mafodotin)
abs172240 Anti-CD79b Reference Antibody(Iladatuzumab Vedotin)
abs172239 Anti-CD79b Reference Antibody(Polatuzumab Vedotin-piiq)
abs172255 Anti-ERBB1 Reference Antibody(Cetuximab-mmae)
abs172244 Anti-ERBB1 Reference Antibody(Depatuxizumab-mmaf)
abs172227 Anti-ERBB1 Reference Antibody(Laprituximab Emtansine)
abs172262 Anti-ERBB1 Reference Antibody(Serclutamab Talirine)
abs172233 Anti-ERBB3 Reference Antibody(Patritumab Deruxtecan)
abs172226 Anti-FOLH1 Reference Antibody(Rosopatamab Tetraxetan)
abs172247 Anti-FOLH1 Reference Antibody(Rosopatamab-mmae)
abs172238 Anti-FRA Reference Antibody(Farletuzumab-mmae)
abs172209 Anti-FRA Reference Antibody(Mirvetuximab Soravtansine)
abs172237 Anti-FRA Reference Antibody(Mirvetuximab-mmae)
abs172253 Anti-GPC3 Reference Antibody(Codrituzumab-mmae)
abs172218 Anti-GPNMB Reference Antibody(Glembatumumab Vedotin)
abs172254 Anti-GUCY2C Reference Antibody(Indusatumab Vedotin)
abs172211 Anti-HGFRReference Antibody(Telisotuzumab Vedotin)
abs172252 Anti-IL-3Rα Reference Antibody(Talacotuzumab-mmae)
abs172230 Anti-Mesothelin Reference Antibody(Anetumab Ravtansine)
abs172245 Anti-Mesothelin Reference Antibody(Anetumab-mmae)
abs172250 Anti-MUC1 Reference Antibody(Clivatuzumab-mmae)
abs172251 Anti-MUC16 Reference Antibody(Sofituzumab Vedotin)
abs172248 Anti-NaPi2b Reference Antibody(Lifastuzumab Vedotin)
abs172225 Anti-NCAM Reference Antibody(Lorvotuzumab Mertansine)
abs172246 Anti-NCAM Reference Antibody(Lorvotuzumab-mmae)
abs172217 Anti-Nectin-4 Reference Antibody(Enfortumab Vedotin-ejfv)
abs172241 Anti-ROR1 Reference Antibody(Zilovertamab Vedotin)
abs172242 Anti-ROR2 Reference Antibody(Ozuriftamab Vedotin)
abs172221 Anti-SLC39A6 Reference Antibody(Ladiratuzumab Vedotin)
abs172249 Anti-SLITRK6 Reference Antibody(Sirtratumab Vedotin)
abs172214 Anti-TROP2 Reference Antibody(Datopotamab Deruxtecan)
abs172263 Anti-TROP2 Reference Antibody(Sacituzumab Govitecan)

2. Biosimilar Reference Monoclonal Antibodies

50+ target-specific therapeutic mAbs as reference standards for biosimilar development, target protein activity verification and ADC functional screening, covering immune checkpoint, tumor antigen, cytokine and growth factor targets

Table 7. Positive Reference Antibodies (Biosimilars)

Cat. No. Product Name
S0B0560 Anti-CD124 Monoclonal Antibody(Dupilumab)
S0B0570 Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody(Rituximab)
S0B0559 Anti-CD254 Monoclonal Antibody(Denosumab)
S0B7113 Anti-CD33 Monoclonal Antibody (Vadastuximab)
S0B7126 Anti-CD49d Monoclonal Antibody (Natalizumab)
S0E0027 Anti-cMet/EGFR Monoclonal Antibody (Amivantamab)
S0B7114 Anti-CSF1R Monoclonal Antibody (Emactuzumab)
S0B0564 Anti-CTLA4 Monoclonal Antibody(Ipilimumab)
S0E0018 Anti-DLL3 Monoclonal Antibody (Rovalpituzumab)
S0B7100 Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibody (Panitumumab)
S0B0558 Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibody(Cetuximab)
S0E0028 Anti-ERBB2/CD340/HER2 Monoclonal Antibody (Disitamab)
S0B0554 Anti-FGFR Monoclonal Antibody(Aprutumab)
S0E0034 Anti-Gulgafafusp alfa Monoclonal Antibody (Glutazumab)
S0B0568 Anti-HER2 Monoclonal Antibody(Pertuzumab)
S0B0572 Anti-HER2 Monoclonal Antibody(Trastuzumab)
S0B7123 Anti-Human CA9 Monoclonal Antibody (Girentuximab)
S0B7008 Anti-Human CD163 Monoclonal Antibody (Zovostotug)
S0B7124 Anti-Human CD19 Monoclonal Antibody (Coltuximab)
S0B7106 Anti-Human CD326 (EpCAM) Monclonal Antibody (Edrecolomab)
S0B7125 Anti-Human CD33 Monoclonal Antibody (Gemtuzumab)
S0B7101 Anti-Human CD38 Monoclonal Antibody (Daratumumab)
S0B7092 Anti-Human CEACAM5 Monoclonal Antibody (Labetuzumab)
S0B1436 Anti-human Claudin 18.2 Monoclonal Antibody (zolbetuximab)
S0E0040 Anti-human CTLA-4 Monoclonal Antibody (Tremelimumab)
S0E0039 Anti-human GUCY2C Monoclonal Antibody (Indusatumab)
S0B7093 Anti-Human IFNAR1 Monoclonal Antibody (Anifrolumab)
S0E0043 Anti-Human IL-13 Monoclonal Antibody (Tralokinumab)
S0E0037 Anti-Human IL-1β Monoclonal Antibody (Canakinumab)
S0E0041 Anti-Human IL-1β Monoclonal Antibody (Gevokizumab)
S0B7090 Anti-Human IL-23 Monoclonal Antibody (Mirikizumab)
S0E0042 Anti-Human IL-6 Monoclonal Antibody (Siltuximab)
S0B7088 Anti-Human IL-6R Monoclonal Antibody (Tocilizumab)
S0B7089 Anti-Human Nectin-4 Monoclonal Antibody (Enfortumab)
S0E0044 Anti-Human PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody (Cemiplimab)
S0B1302 Anti-Human PD1 Monoclonal Antibody (Tislelizumab)
S0E0045 Anti-Human SLAMF7 Monoclonal Antibody (Elotuzumab)
S0E0022 Anti-Human TL1A Monoclonal Antibody (Afimkibart)
S0E0021 Anti-human TL1A Monoclonal Antibody (Duvakitug)
S0E0020 Anti-human TL1A Monoclonal Antibody (Tulisokibart)
S0E0046 Anti-Human TNFα Monoclonal Antibody (Infliximab)
S0B7121 Anti-Human TROP2 Monoclonal Antibody (Datopotamab)
S0B7091 Anti-Human TROP-2 Monoclonal Antibody (Sacituzumab)
S0E0036 Anti-Human VEGFR-2 Monoclonal Antibody (Ramucirumab)
S0E0029 Anti-IL13 Monoclonal Antibody (Lebrikizumab)
S0B0565 Anti-IL-17A Monoclonal Antibody(Ixekizumab)
S0B0571 Anti-IL-17A Monoclonal Antibody(Secukinumab)
S0B0563 Anti-IL-23 Monoclonal Antibody(Guselkumab)
S0B0569 Anti-LAG-3 Monoclonal Antibody(Relatlimab)
S0B7102 Anti-Mesothelin Monoclonal Antibody (Amatuximab)
S0B7103 Anti-Mesothelin Monoclonal Antibody (Anetumab)
UA011235 Anti-Mesothelin Reference Antibody (amatuximab)
UA011234 Anti-Mesothelin Reference Antibody (anetumab)
S0B7115 Anti-OSMRβ Monoclonal Antibody (Vixarelimab)
S0B0567 Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody (Pembrolizumab)
S0B0566 Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody(Nivolumab)
S0B0980 Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody(Tislelizumab)
S0B0555 Anti-PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody(Atezolizumab)
S0B0556 Anti-PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody(Avelumab)
S0B0561 Anti-PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody(Durvalumab)
S0E0026 Anti-PVRIG (COM701) Recombinant mAb
S0B0562 Anti-TGF-β Monoclonal Antibody(Fresolimumab)
S0E0031 Anti-TNFRSF17/CD269/BCMA/TNFRSF13A Monoclonal Antibody (Belantamab)
S0B0553 Anti-TNF-α Monoclonal Antibody(Adalimumab)
S0B7094 Anti-TSLP Monoclonal Antibody (Tezepelumab)
S0B0557 Anti-VEGF Monoclonal Antibody(Bevacizumab)

Preclinical Pharmacodynamic Evaluation

Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, cytotoxicity and cell cycle analysis form core pharmacodynamic readouts to quantify ADC anti-tumor potency.

ANTBIO provides complete, ready-to-use cell functional assay kits to cover all cellular-level ADC preclinical testing workflows.

1. Cell Viability

Table 8: UA-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Detection Kits
Catalog No. Product Name
UA079011 UA-Glo® 3D Cell Viability Assay
UA079015 UA-Glo® Fluorescent Cell Viability Assay
UA079014 UA-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability 2.0 Assay
UA070103 UA-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay

Figure 10. Staurosporine cytotoxicity curves in A549, HeLa, MCF-7 and HCT116 cell lines detected by UA-Glo® UA070103

Figure 11. X Linearity comparison of UA-Glo® UA070103 and competitors in HeLa, HEK293 and A549 cells

2. Cell Proliferation

Table 9: Cell Proliferation Assays and Reagents
Catalog No. Product Name
abs47047610 Alamar Blue cell proliferation and toxicity detection reagent
abs50003 CCK-8 Kit
abs50010 MTT Cell Proliferation and Cytotoxicity Assay Kit
abs50011 MTS Cell Proliferation Assay Kit
abs810040 FK-506
abs811906 5-Bromouracil deoxyriboside
abs9106 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidy ester

3. Apoptosis

Full-spectrum apoptosis detection tools covering early, mid and late apoptotic stages, including Annexin V flow cytometry kits, mitochondrial membrane potential probes, Caspase activity luminescent assays and TUNEL staining kits.

Table 10: Apoptosis Detection Kits
Category Cat. No. Product Name
Apoptosis S0M1002 Apoptosis Antibody MiniAb Set
Apoptosis S0M1027 Apoptosis MiniAb Set II
Early Apoptosis abs50001 Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit
Early Apoptosis abs50006 Annexin V-EGFP/PI Apoptosis analysis kit
Early Apoptosis abs50007 Annexin V-PE/7-AAD apoptosis analysis kit
Early Apoptosis abs50008 Annexin V-APC/7-AAD apoptosis analysis kit
Early Apoptosis abs50009 Annexin V-APC/PI apoptosis analysis kit
Early & Middle Apoptosis abs50016 Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Detection Kit (JC-1)
Early & Middle Apoptosis abs50017 Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Detection Kit (JC-10)
Middle & Late Apoptosis abs580095 α-Glucosidase Microplate Assay Kit
Middle & Late Apoptosis abs580121 Resistant Starch Microplate Assay Kit
Middle & Late Apoptosis UA079012 UA-Glo® Caspase 3/7 Assay
Middle & Late Apoptosis abs580189 Caspase-1 Microplate Assay Kit
Middle & Late Apoptosis abs580190 Caspase-2 Microplate Assay Kit
Middle & Late Apoptosis abs580192 Caspase-4 Microplate Assay Kit
Middle & Late Apoptosis abs580193 Caspase-5 Microplate Assay Kit
Middle & Late Apoptosis abs580194 Caspase-6 Microplate Assay Kit
Middle & Late Apoptosis abs580195 Caspase-8 Microplate Assay Kit
Middle & Late Apoptosis abs580196 Caspase-9 Microplate Assay Kit
Late Apoptosis abs119973 Rabbit anti-BrdU Polyclonal Antibody
Late Apoptosis abs120827 Rabbit Anti-ProSAPiP1 Polyclonal Antibody
Late Apoptosis abs50022 Biotin TUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kit
Late Apoptosis abs50047 TUNEL Assay Apoptosis Detection Kit
Late Apoptosis abs50058 TUNEL apoptosis kit (red fluorescence)

4. Cytotoxicity

Table 11: LDH Release Cytotoxicity Kit
Catalog No. Product Name
UA079041 UA-Glo® LDH Luminescence Cytotoxicity Assay

5. Cell Cycle

Table 12: Cell Cycle Detection Reagents
Catalog No. Product Name
abs50005 Cell Cycle Detection Kit
abs9105 Propidium Iodide
abs9358 PI Staining Solution

PK & ADA Assays

1. Anti-Payload Antibodies

Complete ADC PK profiling requires quantification of total antibody, free payload and conjugated ADC species. Anti-payload mAbs serve as capture reagents for LBA quantification and LC-MS/MS sample enrichment, supporting DAR distribution monitoring across development batches.

Table 13: Anti-Payload Antibodies
Catalog No. Product Name
S0E0004 Monoclonal Anti-DM-1&DM-4 Antibody
S0E0005 Monoclonal Anti-DXD Antibody
S0E0007 Monoclonal Anti-MMAE&MMAF Antibody
S0E0006 Monoclonal Anti-Eribulin Antibody
S0E0008 Monoclonal Anti-SN38 antibody
S0B0710 Monoclonal Anti-Dxd/Exatecan Antibody

Figure 12. Direct ELISA specificity validation of anti-DXD monoclonal antibody

Figure 13. Direct ELISA specificity validation of anti-MMAE & MMAF monoclonal antibody

2. Anti-Idiotype Antibodies for ADA Immunogenicity Testing

Anti-idiotype antibodies act as critical calibrators and positive controls for anti-drug antibody (ADA) screening assays. ADA characterization evaluates ADC immunogenicity risk, quantifies ADA titers and guides molecular optimization to meet regulatory requirements for clinical translation.

Table 14: Anti-Idiotype Antibodies for ADA Assays
Catalog No. Product Name
abs173793 Anti-Pembrolizumab Monoclonal Antibody(825-61)
abs173794 Anti-Pembrolizumab Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody(825-21)
abs190121 Anti-Vedolizumab Monoclonal Antibody

Technical Notes

  • All ANTBIO products undergo multi-dimensional analytical validation to guarantee batch-to-batch consistency.
  • Custom conjugation service & target protein/antibody development available upon request for proprietary ADC pipeline projects.
  • All products are for research use only.