SAE1 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

SAE1 is a key component in the SUMOylation modification cascade. It forms a heterodimeric complex (SAE1/SAE2) with SAE2 protein, functioning as the E1 activating enzyme to catalyze the activation of SUMO molecules (such as SUMO1, SUMO2/3) in the presence of ATP, and subsequently transfers SUMO to the E2 conjugating enzyme UBC9 through a transesterification reaction, thereby initiating the entire SUMO modification process. This protein consists of 346 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 40 kDa, and contains a critical cysteine residue (Cys-173) that is responsible for forming a high-energy thioester bond intermediate with SUMO during catalysis. SAE1 is highly conserved across eukaryotes and is essential for numerous fundamental biological processes, including cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, transcriptional regulation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. Interestingly, although SAE1 is essential for SUMOylation, its expression level in human cancers exhibits a bidirectional correlation with prognosis—for example, high SAE1 expression indicates poor prognosis in bladder cancer, whereas high expression in lung or renal cancer is associated with better survival outcomes, suggesting that its impact on tumors is tissue-specific. Furthermore, the involvement of SAE1 in various diseases is being progressively uncovered, including its role in promoting viral replication through HBV-induced SUMOylation of SAE1, its participation in ovarian cancer metastasis and drug resistance, and the potential association of its gene polymorphisms with the risk of spontaneous preterm birth, making it a potential disease biomarker and therapeutic target.