IL-10 Protein, Mouse

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a key immunoregulatory cytokine critical for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing pathological inflammation in mice. Produced by diverse immune cells including T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), IL-10 exerts its pleiotropic effects primarily through the IL-10 receptor complex (IL-10R) and downstream JAK-STAT3 signaling. Mouse models have been instrumental in defining IL‑10's non‑redundant functions: global IL‑10 knockout (IL‑10^(−/−)) mice develop spontaneous, microbiota‑dependent colitis, establishing IL‑10 as a central guardian of intestinal immune homeostasis. Conversely, transgenic and conditional knockout mice have revealed cell‑type‑specific contributions of IL‑10 in regulating inflammation in the lungs, brain, and joint tissues.

Major applications of mouse IL‑10 include: (1) inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research, where IL‑10^(−/−) mice serve as a widely accepted model for Crohn's disease, enabling preclinical evaluation of microbiota‑based and immune‑modulating therapies; (2) cancer immunotherapy, where engineered IL‑10 expression—such as IL‑10‑mRNA nanoparticles—promotes cytotoxic T cell infiltration and synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade to achieve durable antitumor immunity; (3) autoimmune and inflammatory disease studies, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and osteoarthritis, where IL‑10 signaling limits tissue damage and suppresses pathogenic immune responses; and (4) neuroinflammation research, using IL‑10 knockout mice to elucidate microglial resolution mechanisms in the central nervous system.