Anti-OSMRβ Monoclonal Antibody (Vixarelimab)

OSMRβ (Oncostatin M receptor beta, also known as OSMRβ or IL-31RB) is a type I cytokine receptor of approximately 111 kDa encoded by the OSMR gene. Structurally, it consists of a large extracellular domain, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular domain responsible for signal transduction. This protein does not function alone; instead, it participates in signaling through two main heterodimeric complexes: binding with gp130 (IL6ST) to form the Type II oncostatin M receptor, mediating OSM signals; or binding with IL31RA to form the interleukin-31 receptor, mediating IL-31 signals. Upon activation, OSMRβ primarily utilizes the JAK/STAT3 (especially JAK2/STAT3) and MAPK signaling pathways to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and metabolic homeostasis. Research indicates that it plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes, including regulating macrophage function, influencing atherosclerosis progression, and modulating insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in the liver.