Spike His Tag Protein, SARS-CoV-2(R682S,R685S,K986P&V987P)

Coronaviruses that infect humans belong to theAlpha-coronavirus (including HCoV-229E) and Beta-coronavirus (includingSARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) genera. In particular, SARS-CoV-2 is currently a majorthreat to public health worldwide. The spike (S) homotrimers bind to theirreceptors via the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which is a major target toblock viral entry.our results reveal different vaccine strategies for coronaviruses, andS-trimer is better than RBD as a target for vaccine developmentin Alpha-coronavirus Our findings will provide important implicationsfor future development of coronavirus vaccines. Outbreak of coronaviruses,especially SARS-CoV-2, poses a serious threat to global public health.Development of vaccines to prevent the coronaviruses that can infect humans hasalways been a top priority. Coronavirus spike (S) protein is considered as amajor target for vaccine development. Currently, structural studies have shownthat Alpha-coronavirus (HCoV-229E)and Beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) RBDs are in"lying" and "standing" states in the prefusion S-trimerstructure. Here, we evaluated the ability of S-trimer and RBD to induceneutralizing antibodies among these coronaviruses. Our results showed that theS-trimer and RBD are both candidates for subunit vaccinesin Beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) with a RBD"standing" state. However,for Alpha-coronavirus (HCoV-229E) with a RBD "lying" state,the S-trimer may be more suitable for subunit vaccines than the RBD. Ourresults will provide novel ideas for the development of vaccines targeting Sprotein in the future.