Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase Recombinant Rabbit mAb (S-5960)

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is a binuclear iron-containing acid phosphatase encoded by the ACP5 gene, belonging to the purple acid phosphatase family, and is named for its resistance to inhibition by tartrate. This enzyme is primarily localized in the lysosomal compartments of osteoclasts, macrophages, and dendritic cells, and exists in two isoforms in vivo: TRAP5b is mainly found in osteoclasts in bone tissue, while TRAP5a is predominantly present in immune cells. In bone metabolism, TRAP is an important marker of osteoclast activity, with its core function being the dephosphorylation of osteopontin, thereby regulating the attachment and detachment of osteoclasts to bone and participating in bone resorption and remodeling processes; consequently, serum TRAP levels are positively correlated with bone resorption rates and are significantly elevated in diseases characterized by increased bone resorption, such as osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, and metastatic bone tumors. In the immune system, TRAP regulates inflammatory responses and immune cell activity by inactivating osteopontin. In addition, TRAP is well-known as a cytochemical marker for hairy cell leukemia, and its expression is elevated in Gaucher disease, Hodgkin's disease, and certain leukemias. Loss-of-function mutations in its encoding gene ACP5 can lead to spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation (SPENCDI), a disease characterized by skeletal dysplasia, spastic cerebral calcification, and increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, with the mechanism involving sustained phosphorylation of osteopontin due to TRAP inactivation, leading to prolonged bone resorption and excessive immune system activation.