How to Choose a LATS1 Antibody: Hippo Pathway Mechanism and Validation Data
Why Does LATS1 Western Blotting Show a Band Position Mismatch?
When performing Western blotting for LATS1, the most common issue is not a missing band but a band position mismatch. The predicted size is 127 kDa, yet the actual result is close to 150 kDa. Given the high homology between LATS1 and LATS2, confirming antibody specificity often takes more time than optimizing dilution ratios.
The mechanisms, challenges, and product page validation data assembled below provide a verifiable reference.
What Is LATS1?
LATS1, or Large Tumor Suppressor Kinase 1, is a serine/threonine protein kinase and a highly evolutionarily conserved core component of the Hippo signaling pathway. It plays a pivotal role in organ size control, tissue homeostasis maintenance, and tumorigenesis.
The mechanism of LATS1 revolves around a clear phosphorylation cascade. After activation by upstream kinases such as MST1/2, LATS1 phosphorylates the transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ. This causes their retention in the cytoplasm and degradation by the proteasome, preventing their nuclear entry and their activation of TEAD-mediated pro-proliferation and pro-survival gene expression programs.
Beyond the classical functions of the Hippo pathway, LATS1 also participates in cell cycle regulation, mitotic checkpoint control, and genome stability maintenance through interactions with various binding proteins. The product page notes its cellular localization as cytoskeleton and cytoplasm, with molecular aliases including WARTS, WARTS protein kinase or h-warts, and Large tumor suppressor homolog 1. The sequence can be traced to UniProt accession O95835.
What Are the Disease Associations of LATS1?
The disease associations of LATS1 primarily revolve around loss of tumor suppressor function. The product page background notes that LATS1 deletion or downregulation is frequently observed in various human cancers, including breast cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer. It is also associated with poor prognosis and increased metastatic potential.
Mechanistically, when LATS1 function is impaired, YAP and TAZ lose phosphorylation constraints and persistently drive cell proliferation and survival signals. This is why the Hippo pathway is repeatedly discussed as a potential druggable target.
Research approaches to LATS1 generally fall into two categories. One treats the LATS1/YAP axis as a readout of pathway activity to determine whether cells or tissues are in a proliferative or growth-inhibited state. The other focuses on the relationship between LATS1 inactivation and therapeutic response or resistance.
Both approaches are highly sensitive to the same premise. The antibody used must clearly distinguish LATS1 from the highly homologous LATS2. Otherwise, conclusions may inadvertently apply to the other kinase.
What Technical Challenges Complicate LATS1 Detection?
Three technical issues dominate LATS1 detection, and each has a distinct cause.
Band shift due to molecular weight and post-translational modifications is the first. The predicted molecular weight of LATS1 is 127 kDa. The product page Western blot, however, shows an observed molecular weight of 150 kDa, a difference of nearly 20 kDa. Such shifts are not uncommon for kinase targets and may relate to phosphorylation modifications, conformation, or gel systems. Comparing band positions only to predicted values can easily lead to misjudging correct results as nonspecific bands. Setting standards based on the observed values from the product page is more reliable.
High homology between LATS1 and LATS2 requires early confirmation of target specificity. Both belong to the NDR/LATS kinase family and have similar sequences. In alias systems, WARTS often refers to LATS1, while WARTS2 typically refers to LATS2. When literature and reagent labels use mixed nomenclature, whether the epitope falls in a homologous region directly determines which protein the band represents. Checking the full target name and UniProt accession O95835 before selecting an antibody is the lowest-cost safeguard.
Transfer efficiency and weak signal amplification for large molecular weights form the third constraint. Proteins above 140 kDa often show reduced transfer efficiency, requiring extended transfer times or adjusted buffer systems. The product page Western blot uses 20 micrograms each of K-562 and Jurkat whole-cell lysates, both suspension cells, where lysis and loading consistency directly affect band comparability. The blot notes the use of a high-sensitivity substrate for detection, which suggests that signals may be weak with conventional substrates. This is worth considering before reproducing the experiment.
Immunoblot validation of LATS1 in K-562 and Jurkat whole-cell lysates at 1:2000 dilution
What Parameters and Validation Data Support LATS1 Research?
A mouse monoclonal antibody against LATS1 provides a defined reference point. It is a mouse-derived monoclonal antibody of the IgG1 isotype, purified by Protein G, with a concentration of 0.7 mg/ml. It reacts with human samples, and positive controls explicitly list K-562 and Jurkat. The product page specifies applications for Western blot but does not list immunogen, clone number, or predicted reactive species. For selection, refer directly to the datasheet.
| Parameter | Content |
|---|---|
| Product Name | LATS1 Mouse mAb |
| Catalog Number | S0B60363 |
| Host & Antibody Type | Mouse / Mouse mAb (IgG1) |
| Antigen Name | LATS1 |
| Molecular Aliases | Serine/threonine-protein kinase LATS1; Large tumor suppressor homolog 1; WARTS protein kinase (h-warts); WARTS |
| Immunogen | Not listed on the product page |
| Clone Number | Not listed on the product page |
| Cellular Localization | Cytoskeleton, Cytoplasm |
| UniProt Accession | O95835 |
| Reactive Species | Hu |
| Predicted Reactive Species | Not listed on the product page |
| Positive Samples | K-562, Jurkat |
| Purification Method & Concentration | Protein G; 0.7 mg/ml |
| Label & Form | Unconjugated; Liquid |
| Buffer | PBS, 40% Glycerol, 0.05% BSA, 0.02% sodium azide |
| Storage Conditions | 12 months from date of receipt / reconstitution, -20°C as supplied |
| Applications & Dilution | WB 1:1000-1:2000 (Hu) |
The validation figure reports a Western blot with primary antibody diluted at 1:2000. Lane 1 contained 20 micrograms of K-562 whole-cell lysate, and lane 2 contained 20 micrograms of Jurkat whole-cell lysate. The secondary antibody was goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) HRP conjugated at 1:10000 dilution. Predicted molecular weight was 127 kDa and observed molecular weight was 150 kDa, with a high-sensitivity substrate used for detection. The product page does not list a separate negative control lane.
The verifiability of validation data is also noteworthy. The product includes a datasheet and certificate of analysis, with sequence information traceable to UniProt accession O95835. No reference list is provided, and the data above derive from publicly available validation data on the product page.
Summary and Outlook
LATS1 occupies a convergent position upstream in the Hippo pathway. There, the activity change of a single kinase can globally alter the localization and degradation of downstream YAP and TAZ. This is why it is used as a readout for pathway activity.
Most experimental challenges lie not in conceptual understanding but in practical execution. Researchers must achieve clean transfer for 150 kDa bands, exclude homologous sequences, and capture weak signals with the right substrate. The product page documents a recommended 1:2000 dilution ratio and two positive controls. It also states explicitly that the predicted value is 127 kDa and the observed value is 150 kDa. That documentation is more useful for reproducibility than simply presenting a clean band. A band shift from the predicted value does not indicate failure, and an antibody that documents the shift in its manual is worth trying first.
Related Products
LATS1 detection benefits from a reagent that documents its observed molecular weight and provides paired positive controls. The product below is listed in article order.
| Product Name | Catalog No. |
|---|---|
| LATS1 Mouse mAb | S0B60363 |
Key Features
| Key Advantage | Detailed Parameter / Function |
|---|---|
| Documented band shift | The product page explicitly records a predicted molecular weight of 127 kDa against an observed value of 150 kDa, so correct kinase signals are not misclassified as nonspecific bands during interpretation. |
| Defined positive controls | K-562 and Jurkat whole-cell lysates at 20 micrograms per lane provide reference points for lysis and loading consistency across suspension cell samples. |
| Wide working dilution range | Western blot is validated from 1:1000 to 1:2000 for human samples, offering flexibility when adjusting signal strength for large molecular weight targets. |
| Protein G purified mouse monoclonal | IgG1 isotype antibody purified by Protein G at 0.7 mg/ml, supplied unconjugated in liquid form for standard immunoblot workflows. |
ANT BIO PTE. LTD. maintains a mature antibody development platform that spans antigen design, immunization strategy optimization, high-throughput single B cell sorting, antibody gene cloning, recombinant expression, and multi-application validation. The platform delivers systematic customization solutions for different application scenarios. To learn more about the LATS1 Mouse mAb or to request a sample test, please contact us.
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