The Mouse CD31 Antibody: A Core Tool Transforming Multidisciplinary Cutting-Edge Research

1. Concept

CD31, also known as Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (PECAM-1), is a 130 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Its molecular structure features six extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains (mediating homotypic/heterotypic cell adhesion) and an intracellular region containing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) that regulate signal transduction. CD31 is highly expressed on vascular endothelial cells, platelets, and specific immune cell subsets (e.g., neutrophils, monocytes). As a key "regulator" of leukocyte transmigration across the vascular endothelial barrier (diapedesis), it plays a critical role in immune surveillance, inflammatory responses, and tissue repair. Mouse CD31 antibodies have thus become foundational reagents for investigating vascular biology, immune cell migration, and related disease mechanisms.

2. Research Frontiers

A prominent research frontier revolves around CD31’s role in the "neuro-immune-vascular" network, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. Studies link CD31 dysfunction to blood-brain barrier impairment and neuroinflammation, with genetic associations identified in high-risk populations (e.g., ApoE4 carriers). This opens new avenues for targeting CD31 to modulate neuroinflammation.

Another active area of investigation focuses on CD31’s regulatory role in T cell metabolism and autoimmune diseases. In regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD31’s intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation sites (e.g., Y663, Y686) control glucose metabolism (PFKFB3 pathway) and mitochondrial function (RNF111/OGT pathway), influencing Treg migration and immune suppression. Researchers are exploring CD31 as a therapeutic target for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.

Emerging frontiers also include CD31’s involvement in vascular-bone coupling (e.g., CD31hiEmcnhi "H-type" vessels regulating osteogenesis) and tumor microenvironment research. Additionally, CD31 is being studied as a key mediator in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, with potential applications in developing anti-angiogenic or anti-inflammatory therapies.

3. Research Significance

Investigating CD31 and leveraging mouse CD31 antibodies hold profound significance across multiple disciplines. In vascular biology and angiogenesis research, these antibodies enable precise visualization and quantification of vascular networks, supporting advancements in tissue engineering, wound healing, and cardiovascular disease treatment. In oncology, CD31 serves as a gold-standard marker for tumor vascular density, aiding prognosis evaluation and anti-angiogenic drug development.

In immunology and autoimmune diseases, CD31 antibodies help unravel mechanisms of leukocyte migration and Treg function, guiding the development of targeted immunotherapies. In neuroscience and skeletal biology, they facilitate exploration of cross-system interactions (neuro-immune-vascular, vascular-bone), opening new research avenues for complex diseases like Alzheimer’s and osteoporosis. Overall, CD31 antibodies bridge basic science and translational research, accelerating the development of innovative diagnostics and therapies.

4. Related Mechanisms, Research Methods, and Product Applications

Related Mechanisms

CD31’s core functions are mediated through its structural features: extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains enable cell-cell adhesion (homotypic between endothelial cells, heterotypic between leukocytes and endothelium), while intracellular ITIMs transduce signals regulating cell migration, inflammation, and metabolism. As illustrated in the diagram, CD31 mediates leukocyte diapedesis by facilitating interactions between leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells, a critical step in inflammatory responses. In tumor angiogenesis, CD31 expression on endothelial cells marks newly formed vessels, correlating with tumor progression and metastasis. In Tregs, CD31 modulates metabolic pathways to fine-tune immune suppression.

Research Methods and Product Applications

Mouse CD31 antibodies are versatile tools supporting diverse research techniques, with ANT BIO PTE. LTD.’s CD31 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog No.: S0B0551) standing out for its high specificity, broad reactivity, and multi-application compatibility.

Key Applications of the Antibody:

• Tissue Morphology Analysis (IHC/IF): The antibody enables specific labeling of vascular endothelial cells in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) or frozen tissues. It is the gold standard for quantifying microvascular density (MVD), observing vascular morphology, and studying vessel-tissue interactions in oncology, neuroscience, and skeletal biology.
• Flow Cytometry (FACS) and Cell Sorting: It facilitates precise identification, quantification, and isolation of CD31-positive endothelial cells or subsets (e.g., H-type vascular precursors) from complex tissues (tumors, bone marrow). This supports downstream gene expression, functional, or metabolic analyses.
• Functional Blockade Studies: In vitro or in vivo blocking experiments with the antibody elucidate CD31’s role in leukocyte migration, angiogenesis, and intercellular communication in disease models (e.g., cerebral ischemia, arthritis, tumor metastasis), validating its pathophysiological functions.
• Live Imaging: When conjugated to fluorochromes, the antibody can be used with two-photon laser scanning microscopy for real-time in vivo observation of vascular networks and dynamic leukocyte-endothelium interactions.
• Cross-Disciplinary Research: It supports studies in cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury), developmental biology (embryonic vascular patterning), inflammation (leukocyte extravasation), and tissue engineering (wound healing, regeneration).

Core Advantages of the Antibody:

• Exceptional Specificity and Vascular Labeling: The antibody specifically recognizes CD31 at endothelial cell junctions, producing clear, linear membrane/junction staining with low background in FFPE tissues. It ensures accurate MVD assessment and vascular integrity evaluation.
• Broad Species Reactivity: Targeting conserved CD31 epitopes, it cross-reacts with humans, mice, and rats, facilitating cross-species comparative studies and applications in diverse animal models.
• High Affinity and Sensitivity: It detects nascent or remodeling microvessels with strong staining signals, distinguishing endothelial cells from surrounding stromal cells for reliable vascular counting and analysis.

Antibody Selection Guidelines:

5. Brand Mission

ANT BIO PTE. LTD. is dedicated to advancing life science research and clinical diagnostics by providing high-performance, high-value core reagents and comprehensive solutions. Leveraging advanced development platforms—including recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody, recombinant mouse monoclonal antibody, rapid mouse monoclonal antibody, and recombinant protein development platforms (E.coli, CHO, HEK293, Insect Cells), as well as the One-Step ELISA Platform and PTM Pan-Modification Antibody Platform—the company adheres to stringent quality standards and has successfully obtained EU 98/79/EC certification, ISO9001 certification, and ISO13485 certification. ANT BIO PTE. LTD. strives to support researchers worldwide in their pursuit of scientific breakthroughs across vascular biology, oncology, immunology, and other disciplines, driving innovations in disease diagnosis and treatment.

6. Related Product List

7. AI Disclaimer

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